Pixel International Conferences

This study focuses on communicative language patterns, specifically conceptual metaphors (CMs), as a critical component of everyday language in dual language immersion (DLI) settings. Conceptual Metaphor Theory introduced by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), explained CMs as going beyond basic language issues to influencing perspectives, orientations, and experiences in a person’s life. In this study, natural DLI classroom discourse was studied to address how CMs were used among teachers and students in Spanish-English classrooms. We asked how the use of CMs supported or disjointed meaning and how these moments empowered or disempowered the students’ learning experience. We viewed conceptual metaphors through a Vygtoskian (1987) sociocultural lens to provide more insight into what identity roles, participation, and comprehension challenges occur for second language learners, as CMs are often the last part of a new language to be understood (Lantolf & Thorne, 2006; McCafferty, 2008). Studies in this area show promise for how understanding CMs can increase learning gains for students (Boers, 2013) and can be both cross-cultural or languacultural specific (Agar, 1996; Gibbs, 2011; Kovescses, 2003). In this study, elementary English and Spanish teachers were video recorded for natural conversations with DLI students. Language patterns, conversations, and understandings/misunderstandings were analyzed and evaluated through mediated discourse analysis (Scollon & Scollon, 2006). Findings and conclusions demonstrate CM challenges that English and Spanish learners encountered. Results included empowering and disempowering discourse for all students with specific and critical challenges for Latino/a minority students.

Keywords Conceptual Metaphors, Bilingualism, Sociocultural Theory, Inclusion

References
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[2] Boers, F. (2013). Cognitive linguistic approaches to teaching vocabulary.  Language Teaching, 46(2), 208-224.
[3] Gibbs, R. (2011). Evaluating conceptual metaphor theory, Discourse Processes,  48(8), 529-562.
[4] Kovecses, Z. (2003). Language, figurative thought, and cross-cultural  comparison. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 311–320.

[5] Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University  of Chicago Press.

[6] Lantolf, J. & Thorne, S. (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second  language development. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.

[7] McCafferty, S. G. (2008). Mimesis and second language acquisition. Studies in  second language acquisition, 30(2), 147–167.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/44488047

[8] Scollon, R. & Scollon, S. W. (2006). Discourse and intercultural communication.  In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. Hamilton (Eds.), The Handbook of discourse  analysis. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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