The Future of Education

Early childhood education for vulnerable social groups is crucial, emphasizing equity and justice in learning opportunities. Contemporary research stresses the integration of sociocultural and socio-cognitive learning theories with postmodern pedagogical perspectives, advocating for universal access to education, regardless of children’s backgrounds [1,2]. A central aspect of this approach is the integration of informal, non-formal, and formal learning environments, fostering a cohesive learning trajectory that supports children’s development [3,4]. In this context inclusive pedagogy addresses intersectional issues like gender, class, race, and socio-economic barriers hindering educational success [5]. The study of early childhood education in this context examines dynamic factors such as familial, social, and cultural contexts, recognition of diversity, and interdisciplinary approaches [6]. Shifts in intercultural education emphasize civic and critical intercultural education, focusing on social justice, inclusion, and critical skills for a globalized society [7]. Critical intercultural education seeks to dismantle social inequalities, promote citizenship that respects diversity, and encourage active societal participation [8]. By deepening understanding of inclusive pedagogy, teachers can adapt strategies and better support children from diverse backgrounds. Additionally, teachers must be supported in recognizing diverse student needs and developing differentiated strategies, especially in multicultural classrooms [9]. In Greece, where migration and socio-economic challenges create diversity, this study is significant. It advocates for a shift from traditional methods to flexible, responsive approaches sensitive to vulnerable children’s experiences. Research suggests that teachers need further support in understanding what knowledge is valuable for preschoolers [10], posing challenges for professional development.