Innovation in Language Learning
AI Prompt Framework for EFL Teachers: Enhancing CEFR-Aligned Writing Instruction with ChatGPT
Stephanny Julieth Pulido Núñez, Independent Researcher (M.A. from Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain) (Colombia)
Johnatan E. Bonilla, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Germany)
Abstract
This study investigates the integration of ChatGPT to create CEFR-aligned lesson plans focusing on writing skills for English Language Teaching (ELT). An AI-prompt framework was developed, offering EFL teachers methods to align lesson plans with CEFR standards using zero-shot prompting techniques. The study conducted an experiment assessing the effectiveness of ChatGPT-generated lesson plans, evaluated through a Lesson Plan Evaluation Matrix. Results showed that while the plans generally met CEFR descriptors across proficiency levels (A1 to C2), there was variability in quality, particularly at higher levels, where more detailed prompts were needed. For instance, the A1 level plans included activities like character descriptions aligning with CEFR descriptors, while higher levels lacked explicit grammar and vocabulary guidance. EFL educators found that ChatGPT provided good learning objectives, but the plans often required refinement to meet specific classroom needs, such as differentiation and updated pedagogical approaches. The assessment revealed that explicit CEFR descriptors significantly improved the quality of lesson plans, but plans exhibited a teacher-centered approach, lacking innovative assessment methods and contemporary pedagogical trends. Despite these challenges, ChatGPT showed potential in reducing lesson planning time, allowing teachers to focus more on instruction and student interaction. The findings emphasize the need for iterative refinement and critical evaluation to improve AI integration in educational settings, ensuring AI-generated content is relevant and effective.
Keywords: ChatGPT, CEFR, writing instruction, lesson planning, EFL, prompt engineering, AI in education.
REFERENCES
[1] Pulido, S. J., & Bonilla, J. E. (2024). AI Prompt Framework for EFL Teachers: A Guide to Using ChatGPT for Enhancing, Generating, and Evaluating CEFR-Aligned Writing Lesson Plans. Independent Research Project. [2] Dornburg, M., & Davin, K. (2024). Prompt Specificity and Lesson Plan Design with ChatGPT. [3] Demir, M., & Karadavut, U. (2023). CEFR Alignment in AI-Generated EFL Lesson Plans. [4] Zhai, X. (2022). ChatGPT: Artificial Intelligence for Education.
