New Perspectives in Science Education

The training methodology for students in the conservation and restoration of written artefacts is based on the principle of “learning by doing,” which integrates theory with direct work on real objects. Students study the chemistry and physics of inks, paper, parchment, and leather, historical writing techniques, and ethical principles of minimal intervention and authenticity. Practical exercises develop skills in cleaning, stabilising, and restoring documents, identifying and diagnosing damage, and foster critical thinking in selecting appropriate methods. The programme is structured into semester modules:

• Module 1 introduces the discipline, workplace safety, and the main types of written artefacts.
• Module 2 covers materials science and the chemistry of supports and inks, including stability tests and simulated conservation techniques.
• Module 3 develops assessment and diagnostic skills: visual inspections, pH measurement, and damage documentation.
• Module 4 focuses on conservation and restoration methods – cleaning techniques, stabilisation of manuscripts, and manual repair of torn pages, stain removal, and controlled humidification. Students learn to select appropriate materials and restore missing parts with minimal visual impact.
• Module 5 addresses archiving, storage, and digitisation: creating a conservation–restoration dossier, controlling climate conditions, and building digital archives.
• Module 6 discusses ethical and professional standards, as well as collaboration with museums, libraries, and archives.

The programme culminates in a project in which students work on a real or training artefact: they design a conservation plan, apply the learned techniques, document the process, and present their results. This methodology builds not only technical competencies but also a sense of responsibility for written cultural heritage.